Avoiding The Most Common Mistakes with Walking Canes: A Comprehensive Guide
Author: Justin Chipperfield, Registered Physiotherapist
Published: July 20, 2023
Walking aids, or gait aids, such as crutches, canes, or walkers, are indispensable tools that assist individuals in maintaining mobility and independence. They are frequently used by seniors, individuals recovering from injuries, or people living with physical disabilities. As a physiotherapist, the observation of a client's use of gait aids is a critical part of the assessment process.
Through years of professional experience, it's been found that there's often scope for improvement in the choice, fitting, or use of the client's gait aid. An estimated 50% of clients using a cane make at least one of the following common mistakes. This post is designed to shed light on these issues and offer solutions.
Choosing Aesthetics over Functionality:
It's not uncommon to encounter clients with beautifully decorative canes, often cherished as family heirlooms, travel souvenirs, or hand-crafted pieces of art. While these canes can be stunning to look at, they unfortunately seldom make for effective gait aids.
Most of these decorative canes have handles not ergonomically designed to distribute weight across the hand, sometimes leading to nerve compression in the wrist or palm. Additionally, their fixed height and hard grip can cause discomfort and stability issues.
Instead, prioritize functionality over aesthetics when selecting a cane. Opt for a cane with a soft, hand-molded grip. Those with arthritis might find larger grips more comfortable. Offset handles are generally preferred over round ones, but this is based on personal preference. Don't fret over style; numerous canes come in a wide range of colors and patterns to suit your aesthetic preferences.
Overlooking the Condition of the Cane Tip:
A cane tip is a crucial part of a gait aid, providing grip and stability on different surfaces. Worn out cane tips can be dangerously slippery, especially on wet or icy surfaces. Wearing at an angle could also cause instability as the full contact area of the cane tip is compromised.
Make a habit of regularly checking your cane tip for wear and tear. If you notice any visible wearing, it's time for a replacement. Don't worry, replacement tips are readily available at pharmacies and are generally easy to install without the need for tools.
Using the Cane in the Wrong Hand:
A common misstep is using the cane on the same side as the area of pain or weakness. If you have discomfort or weakness in one leg (be it in your hip, knee, ankle, or foot), the cane should be used on the OPPOSITE side. Contrary to what popular TV shows might depict, using the cane on the opposite side of the affected leg helps distribute weight away from the painful area and promotes a more natural gait pattern.
Using a Cane of Incorrect Height:
Using a cane of the wrong height can lead to a host of issues, including posture problems, balance issues, and even increased pain. Ideally, your cane should be adjustable to ensure the right fit. Wooden canes, though aesthetically pleasing, have to be cut to fit, and if cut too short, they cannot be adjusted.
To fit a cane, try the following steps:
Stand tall, hold your cane slightly in front of your toe. Make sure you're holding it in the correct hand!
Your arm should have a slight bend (approximately 15 degrees).
When you relax your hand by your side, the top of the cane should align with the crease of your wrist.
If you're unsure about your cane's height, a physiotherapist can help you adjust it to ensure your safety and correct posture.
Using the Cane without Proper Training:
One mistake that is often overlooked is using a cane without receiving proper instruction or training from a healthcare professional. Using a cane involves more than simply picking it up and walking. It requires learning the correct grip, stride, and placement of the cane in relation to your body and the ground. Without this knowledge, you could inadvertently increase your risk of falls, strain your upper body, or even exacerbate the pain or injury you're trying to alleviate.
Therefore, it's recommended to seek advice from a physiotherapist, occupational therapist, or a similar professional before you start using a cane. They can not only help you choose the right cane but also teach you how to use it correctly. They'll instruct you on the proper rhythm - the cane should hit the ground at the same time as the foot on your injured or weaker side - and ensure you're using the cane to effectively reduce load and maintain balance.
Ignoring the Need for a Cane:
Another common mistake is ignoring the need for a cane when one could be beneficial. Some individuals resist using a cane because they fear it may signify weakness, dependency, or aging. But a cane can significantly improve mobility, stability, and confidence while walking, particularly for those dealing with long-term pain, recovering from surgery, or managing chronic conditions like arthritis.
If you find yourself struggling with balance, experiencing frequent falls, or facing difficulty while walking due to pain or weakness, it might be time to consider using a cane. Remember, there's no shame in using a mobility aid. The priority should always be safety, comfort, and maintaining the highest possible quality of life.
Beyond these six common mistakes, it's also essential to understand that using a cane requires a certain technique to ensure effectiveness and safety.
Learning Proper Cane Technique:
When walking with a cane, it should swing and strike the ground at the same time as your opposite foot. This method offers the most support and stability. When going up the stairs, the unaffected leg should step up first, followed by the affected leg and the cane. When going down, the cane and the affected leg go first, followed by the unaffected leg. Always remember: "up with the good, down with the bad."
Regular Maintenance of the Cane:
Besides checking the rubber tip, make sure you regularly inspect the entire cane for any signs of damage, such as cracks or loose parts. Regular maintenance will ensure your cane is always safe to use and extends its lifespan.
Walking aids like canes, when used correctly, can enhance mobility, safety, and independence. But it's critical to choose the right type, maintain it well, and use it correctly to get the most benefit. If you have any doubts about your gait aid, don't hesitate to consult a physiotherapist.
Taking the step to use a cane doesn't have to be daunting or confusing. Professional guidance can ensure that you're using the right aid, in the right way, giving you the confidence and freedom to maintain your mobility and independence. At Chipperfield Mobile Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, we're dedicated to helping you make the best choices for your unique needs.
Whether you're considering a cane for the first time, or if you're already using one but are unsure if you're doing it right, our team of qualified professionals can help. We offer personalized assessments and training to help you navigate your world with ease and confidence.
Don't let common cane mistakes compromise your safety and well-being. Reach out to us today to book a consultation, and take the first step towards improved mobility and a better quality of life. Click below to book an appointment now with Chipperfield Mobile Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy. Your mobility matters to us, and we're here to provide the support you need to keep moving forward.
